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Dynamic Fund Allocation System Design

15.1 Overview

The Dynamic Fund Allocation System enables intelligent multi-account fund allocation and dynamic capital rebalancing. This system provides support for automated fund transfers between accounts, performance-based allocation strategies, cross-currency transfers, and automated rebalancing based on strategy performance and risk metrics.

🎯 Core Capabilities

Capability Description
Multi-Account Allocation Dynamic fund allocation across multiple accounts
Performance-Based Allocation Allocation based on strategy performance metrics
Cross-Currency Transfers Automated currency conversion and transfers
Automated Rebalancing Periodic portfolio rebalancing and optimization
Risk-Based Allocation Allocation based on risk metrics and exposure
Transfer Execution Automated and manual transfer execution

15.2 System Architecture

15.2.1 Fund Allocation Service Microservice Design

New Microservice: fund-allocation-service

services/fund-allocation-service/
├── src/
│   ├── main.py                            # FastAPI application entry point
│   ├── engine/
│   │   ├── allocation_engine.py           # Fund allocation strategy engine
│   │   ├── performance_analyzer.py        # Strategy performance analysis
│   │   ├── risk_analyzer.py               # Risk-based allocation analysis
│   │   └── rebalancing_engine.py          # Portfolio rebalancing engine
│   ├── executor/
│   │   ├── allocation_executor.py         # Transfer execution engine
│   │   ├── transfer_validator.py          # Transfer validation and limits
│   │   ├── currency_converter.py          # Cross-currency conversion
│   │   └── transfer_scheduler.py          # Transfer scheduling and timing
│   ├── strategies/
│   │   ├── fixed_ratio_strategy.py        # Fixed ratio allocation
│   │   ├── performance_strategy.py        # Performance-based allocation
│   │   ├── risk_parity_strategy.py        # Risk parity allocation
│   │   └── target_volatility_strategy.py  # Target volatility allocation
│   ├── api/
│   │   ├── allocation_api.py              # Allocation management endpoints
│   │   ├── transfer_api.py                # Transfer execution endpoints
│   │   └── strategy_api.py                # Strategy management endpoints
│   ├── models/
│   │   ├── allocation_model.py            # Allocation data models
│   │   ├── transfer_model.py              # Transfer data models
│   │   ├── strategy_model.py              # Strategy configuration models
│   │   └── performance_model.py           # Performance data models
│   ├── config.py                          # Configuration management
│   └── requirements.txt                   # Python dependencies
├── Dockerfile                             # Container definition
└── docker-compose.yml                     # Local development setup

15.2.2 Fund Allocation Architecture Layers

Layer 1: Asset Monitoring - Real-time Asset Tracking: Continuous monitoring of account assets - Performance Tracking: Strategy performance monitoring and analysis - Risk Monitoring: Risk metrics and exposure monitoring - Currency Monitoring: Multi-currency asset tracking

Layer 2: Allocation Strategy - Strategy Engine: Multiple allocation strategy implementations - Performance Analysis: Strategy performance analysis and ranking - Risk Analysis: Risk-based allocation calculations - Target Calculation: Target allocation calculations

Layer 3: Transfer Execution - Transfer Planning: Transfer plan generation and validation - Currency Conversion: Cross-currency conversion and transfers - Transfer Execution: Automated transfer execution - Transfer Monitoring: Transfer status monitoring and tracking

Layer 4: Management Interface - API Interface: Comprehensive API for allocation management - Frontend Integration: User interface for allocation management - Monitoring Dashboard: Real-time allocation monitoring - Reporting System: Allocation and transfer reporting

15.3 Core Components Design

15.3.1 Allocation Engine Module

Purpose: Calculate optimal fund allocation across accounts

Key Functions: - Strategy Selection: Choose appropriate allocation strategy - Target Calculation: Calculate target allocations - Performance Analysis: Analyze strategy performance - Risk Assessment: Assess risk-based allocation needs

Allocation Engine Implementation:

from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import asyncio

class AllocationEngine:
    def __init__(self, portfolio_service, performance_service, risk_service):
        self.portfolio_service = portfolio_service
        self.performance_service = performance_service
        self.risk_service = risk_service

        # Default allocation strategies
        self.strategies = {
            "fixed_ratio": FixedRatioStrategy(),
            "performance_based": PerformanceBasedStrategy(),
            "risk_parity": RiskParityStrategy(),
            "target_volatility": TargetVolatilityStrategy()
        }

        # Default allocation configuration
        self.default_config = {
            "strategy": "performance_based",
            "rebalancing_frequency": "daily",
            "min_transfer_amount": 100.0,  # USD
            "max_transfer_amount": 1000000.0,  # USD
            "currency": "USD"
        }

    async def calculate_allocation_plan(self, account_ids: List[str], 
                                      strategy: str = None, 
                                      config: Dict = None) -> Dict:
        """Calculate allocation plan for given accounts"""
        if strategy is None:
            strategy = self.default_config["strategy"]

        if config is None:
            config = self.default_config

        # Get current assets
        current_assets = await self._get_current_assets(account_ids)
        total_assets = sum(asset["total_nav"] for asset in current_assets.values())

        # Get strategy instance
        strategy_instance = self.strategies.get(strategy)
        if not strategy_instance:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown strategy: {strategy}")

        # Calculate target allocations
        target_allocations = await strategy_instance.calculate_targets(
            account_ids, current_assets, total_assets, config
        )

        # Generate transfer plan
        transfer_plan = await self._generate_transfer_plan(
            current_assets, target_allocations, config
        )

        return {
            "strategy": strategy,
            "total_assets": total_assets,
            "current_allocations": current_assets,
            "target_allocations": target_allocations,
            "transfer_plan": transfer_plan,
            "config": config,
            "timestamp": datetime.now()
        }

    async def _get_current_assets(self, account_ids: List[str]) -> Dict:
        """Get current assets for all accounts"""
        current_assets = {}

        for account_id in account_ids:
            try:
                nav_data = await self.portfolio_service.get_account_nav(account_id)
                current_assets[account_id] = {
                    "account_id": account_id,
                    "total_nav": nav_data["total_nav"],
                    "currency_breakdown": nav_data["currency_breakdown"],
                    "last_update": nav_data["timestamp"]
                }
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Error getting assets for account {account_id}: {e}")
                current_assets[account_id] = {
                    "account_id": account_id,
                    "total_nav": 0.0,
                    "currency_breakdown": {},
                    "last_update": datetime.now()
                }

        return current_assets

    async def _generate_transfer_plan(self, current_assets: Dict, 
                                    target_allocations: Dict, 
                                    config: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
        """Generate transfer plan based on current and target allocations"""
        transfers = []
        min_amount = config.get("min_transfer_amount", 100.0)
        max_amount = config.get("max_transfer_amount", 1000000.0)

        for account_id, target_data in target_allocations.items():
            current_nav = current_assets.get(account_id, {}).get("total_nav", 0.0)
            target_nav = target_data["target_amount"]
            difference = target_nav - current_nav

            # Only create transfer if difference is significant
            if abs(difference) >= min_amount and abs(difference) <= max_amount:
                transfer = {
                    "from_account": None,
                    "to_account": account_id,
                    "amount": abs(difference),
                    "currency": config.get("currency", "USD"),
                    "type": "deposit" if difference > 0 else "withdraw",
                    "priority": "high" if abs(difference) > max_amount * 0.1 else "normal",
                    "reason": f"Allocation adjustment: {difference:.2f} USD"
                }
                transfers.append(transfer)

        return transfers

15.3.2 Allocation Strategies Module

Purpose: Implement various fund allocation strategies

Key Functions: - Fixed Ratio Strategy: Fixed percentage allocation - Performance-Based Strategy: Allocation based on performance - Risk Parity Strategy: Risk-based allocation - Target Volatility Strategy: Volatility-based allocation

Fixed Ratio Strategy Implementation:

class FixedRatioStrategy:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "fixed_ratio"
        self.description = "Fixed ratio allocation strategy"

    async def calculate_targets(self, account_ids: List[str], 
                               current_assets: Dict, 
                               total_assets: float, 
                               config: Dict) -> Dict:
        """Calculate target allocations using fixed ratios"""
        # Get fixed ratios from config or use equal allocation
        fixed_ratios = config.get("fixed_ratios", {})

        # If no fixed ratios provided, use equal allocation
        if not fixed_ratios:
            equal_ratio = 1.0 / len(account_ids)
            fixed_ratios = {account_id: equal_ratio for account_id in account_ids}

        # Calculate target amounts
        target_allocations = {}
        for account_id in account_ids:
            ratio = fixed_ratios.get(account_id, 0.0)
            target_amount = total_assets * ratio

            target_allocations[account_id] = {
                "target_amount": target_amount,
                "target_ratio": ratio,
                "strategy": self.name,
                "reason": f"Fixed ratio allocation: {ratio:.1%}"
            }

        return target_allocations

Performance-Based Strategy Implementation:

class PerformanceBasedStrategy:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "performance_based"
        self.description = "Performance-based allocation strategy"

    async def calculate_targets(self, account_ids: List[str], 
                               current_assets: Dict, 
                               total_assets: float, 
                               config: Dict) -> Dict:
        """Calculate target allocations based on performance"""
        # Get performance data for accounts
        performance_data = {}
        for account_id in account_ids:
            try:
                # Get performance metrics (Sharpe ratio, returns, etc.)
                performance = await self._get_account_performance(account_id, config)
                performance_data[account_id] = performance
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Error getting performance for account {account_id}: {e}")
                performance_data[account_id] = {"score": 0.0}

        # Calculate performance scores
        total_score = sum(data["score"] for data in performance_data.values())

        # Calculate target allocations based on performance
        target_allocations = {}
        for account_id in account_ids:
            if total_score > 0:
                performance_ratio = performance_data[account_id]["score"] / total_score
            else:
                performance_ratio = 1.0 / len(account_ids)

            target_amount = total_assets * performance_ratio

            target_allocations[account_id] = {
                "target_amount": target_amount,
                "target_ratio": performance_ratio,
                "strategy": self.name,
                "performance_score": performance_data[account_id]["score"],
                "reason": f"Performance-based allocation: score {performance_data[account_id]['score']:.2f}"
            }

        return target_allocations

    async def _get_account_performance(self, account_id: str, config: Dict) -> Dict:
        """Get performance metrics for an account"""
        # This would integrate with performance tracking service
        # For now, return mock data
        return {
            "sharpe_ratio": 1.2,
            "returns_1m": 0.05,
            "returns_3m": 0.15,
            "max_drawdown": -0.08,
            "score": 1.2  # Composite performance score
        }

15.3.3 Transfer Executor Module

Purpose: Execute fund transfers between accounts

Key Functions: - Transfer Validation: Validate transfer requests - Currency Conversion: Handle cross-currency transfers - Transfer Execution: Execute actual transfers - Transfer Monitoring: Monitor transfer status

Transfer Executor Implementation:

from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
from datetime import datetime
import asyncio
import uuid

class AllocationExecutor:
    def __init__(self, portfolio_service, forex_service):
        self.portfolio_service = portfolio_service
        self.forex_service = forex_service
        self.transfer_history = []
        self.active_transfers = {}

    async def execute_transfer_plan(self, transfer_plan: List[Dict], 
                                  config: Dict) -> Dict:
        """Execute a complete transfer plan"""
        execution_result = {
            "plan_id": str(uuid.uuid4()),
            "total_transfers": len(transfer_plan),
            "successful_transfers": 0,
            "failed_transfers": 0,
            "transfer_details": [],
            "start_time": datetime.now(),
            "end_time": None,
            "status": "in_progress"
        }

        # Execute transfers sequentially or in parallel based on config
        parallel_execution = config.get("parallel_execution", False)

        if parallel_execution:
            # Execute transfers in parallel
            tasks = [self._execute_single_transfer(transfer, config) 
                    for transfer in transfer_plan]
            results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)

            for i, result in enumerate(results):
                if isinstance(result, Exception):
                    execution_result["transfer_details"].append({
                        "transfer": transfer_plan[i],
                        "status": "failed",
                        "error": str(result)
                    })
                    execution_result["failed_transfers"] += 1
                else:
                    execution_result["transfer_details"].append({
                        "transfer": transfer_plan[i],
                        "status": "success",
                        "result": result
                    })
                    execution_result["successful_transfers"] += 1
        else:
            # Execute transfers sequentially
            for transfer in transfer_plan:
                try:
                    result = await self._execute_single_transfer(transfer, config)
                    execution_result["transfer_details"].append({
                        "transfer": transfer,
                        "status": "success",
                        "result": result
                    })
                    execution_result["successful_transfers"] += 1
                except Exception as e:
                    execution_result["transfer_details"].append({
                        "transfer": transfer,
                        "status": "failed",
                        "error": str(e)
                    })
                    execution_result["failed_transfers"] += 1

        execution_result["end_time"] = datetime.now()
        execution_result["status"] = "completed"

        # Store execution result
        self.transfer_history.append(execution_result)

        return execution_result

    async def _execute_single_transfer(self, transfer: Dict, config: Dict) -> Dict:
        """Execute a single transfer"""
        transfer_id = str(uuid.uuid4())

        # Validate transfer
        validation_result = await self._validate_transfer(transfer, config)
        if not validation_result["is_valid"]:
            raise ValueError(f"Transfer validation failed: {validation_result['errors']}")

        # Check if currency conversion is needed
        if transfer.get("currency") != "USD":
            converted_amount = await self._convert_currency(
                transfer["amount"], transfer["currency"], "USD"
            )
        else:
            converted_amount = transfer["amount"]

        # Execute the transfer
        transfer_result = {
            "transfer_id": transfer_id,
            "from_account": transfer.get("from_account"),
            "to_account": transfer["to_account"],
            "amount": transfer["amount"],
            "currency": transfer["currency"],
            "converted_amount_usd": converted_amount,
            "type": transfer["type"],
            "status": "executed",
            "timestamp": datetime.now()
        }

        # Update portfolio service
        if transfer["type"] == "deposit":
            await self.portfolio_service.update_cash(
                transfer["to_account"], transfer["currency"], transfer["amount"]
            )
        elif transfer["type"] == "withdraw":
            await self.portfolio_service.update_cash(
                transfer["from_account"], transfer["currency"], -transfer["amount"]
            )

        # Store transfer result
        self.active_transfers[transfer_id] = transfer_result

        return transfer_result

    async def _validate_transfer(self, transfer: Dict, config: Dict) -> Dict:
        """Validate a transfer request"""
        validation_result = {
            "is_valid": True,
            "errors": [],
            "warnings": []
        }

        # Check transfer amount limits
        min_amount = config.get("min_transfer_amount", 100.0)
        max_amount = config.get("max_transfer_amount", 1000000.0)

        if transfer["amount"] < min_amount:
            validation_result["errors"].append(
                f"Transfer amount {transfer['amount']} is below minimum {min_amount}"
            )

        if transfer["amount"] > max_amount:
            validation_result["errors"].append(
                f"Transfer amount {transfer['amount']} exceeds maximum {max_amount}"
            )

        # Check account existence and balances
        if transfer["type"] == "withdraw":
            from_account = transfer.get("from_account")
            if not from_account:
                validation_result["errors"].append("Withdraw transfer requires from_account")
            else:
                # Check if account has sufficient balance
                balance = await self.portfolio_service.get_cash_balance(
                    from_account, transfer["currency"]
                )
                if balance < transfer["amount"]:
                    validation_result["errors"].append(
                        f"Insufficient balance: {balance} < {transfer['amount']}"
                    )

        # Check if any errors found
        if validation_result["errors"]:
            validation_result["is_valid"] = False

        return validation_result

    async def _convert_currency(self, amount: float, from_currency: str, 
                               to_currency: str) -> float:
        """Convert currency using forex service"""
        if from_currency == to_currency:
            return amount

        rate = await self.forex_service.get_rate(from_currency, to_currency)
        return amount * rate

15.4 Data Architecture

15.4.1 Fund Allocation Data Models

Allocation Plan Model:

{
  "plan_id": "plan_12345",
  "strategy": "performance_based",
  "total_assets": 1000000.0,
  "current_allocations": {
    "account_001": {
      "total_nav": 400000.0,
      "currency_breakdown": {"USD": 0.4}
    },
    "account_002": {
      "total_nav": 300000.0,
      "currency_breakdown": {"USD": 0.3}
    },
    "account_003": {
      "total_nav": 300000.0,
      "currency_breakdown": {"USD": 0.3}
    }
  },
  "target_allocations": {
    "account_001": {
      "target_amount": 450000.0,
      "target_ratio": 0.45,
      "strategy": "performance_based",
      "performance_score": 1.2
    },
    "account_002": {
      "target_amount": 300000.0,
      "target_ratio": 0.30,
      "strategy": "performance_based",
      "performance_score": 0.8
    },
    "account_003": {
      "target_amount": 250000.0,
      "target_ratio": 0.25,
      "strategy": "performance_based",
      "performance_score": 0.6
    }
  },
  "transfer_plan": [
    {
      "from_account": null,
      "to_account": "account_001",
      "amount": 50000.0,
      "currency": "USD",
      "type": "deposit",
      "priority": "normal"
    },
    {
      "from_account": "account_003",
      "to_account": null,
      "amount": 50000.0,
      "currency": "USD",
      "type": "withdraw",
      "priority": "normal"
    }
  ],
  "config": {
    "strategy": "performance_based",
    "min_transfer_amount": 100.0,
    "max_transfer_amount": 100000.0,
    "currency": "USD"
  },
  "timestamp": "2024-12-20T10:30:15.123Z"
}

Transfer Execution Model:

{
  "execution_id": "exec_12345",
  "plan_id": "plan_12345",
  "total_transfers": 2,
  "successful_transfers": 2,
  "failed_transfers": 0,
  "transfer_details": [
    {
      "transfer": {
        "from_account": null,
        "to_account": "account_001",
        "amount": 50000.0,
        "currency": "USD",
        "type": "deposit"
      },
      "status": "success",
      "result": {
        "transfer_id": "transfer_12345",
        "amount": 50000.0,
        "currency": "USD",
        "converted_amount_usd": 50000.0,
        "status": "executed",
        "timestamp": "2024-12-20T10:30:15.123Z"
      }
    }
  ],
  "start_time": "2024-12-20T10:30:15.123Z",
  "end_time": "2024-12-20T10:30:20.456Z",
  "status": "completed"
}

15.4.2 Real-time Data Flow

Portfolio Updates → Asset Monitoring → Performance Analysis → Strategy Calculation
    ↓
Allocation Planning → Transfer Generation → Validation → Execution
    ↓
Transfer Execution → Portfolio Updates → Performance Tracking → Rebalancing

15.5 API Interface Design

15.5.1 Fund Allocation Endpoints

Allocation Management:

POST   /api/v1/allocation/plan                    # Create allocation plan
GET    /api/v1/allocation/plan/{plan_id}          # Get allocation plan
GET    /api/v1/allocation/plans                   # List allocation plans
POST   /api/v1/allocation/execute                 # Execute allocation plan
GET    /api/v1/allocation/summary                 # Get allocation summary

Transfer Management:

POST   /api/v1/transfer/execute                   # Execute transfer
GET    /api/v1/transfer/history                   # Get transfer history
GET    /api/v1/transfer/status/{transfer_id}      # Get transfer status
POST   /api/v1/transfer/validate                  # Validate transfer

Strategy Management:

GET    /api/v1/strategy/list                      # List available strategies
POST   /api/v1/strategy/configure                 # Configure strategy
GET    /api/v1/strategy/performance               # Get strategy performance

15.5.2 Real-time Updates

WebSocket Endpoints:

/ws/allocation/status                              # Real-time allocation status
/ws/transfer/progress                              # Real-time transfer progress
/ws/strategy/performance                           # Real-time strategy performance

15.6 Frontend Integration

15.6.1 Fund Allocation Dashboard Components

Allocation Overview Panel: - Current Allocations: Display current account allocations - Target Allocations: Show target allocation percentages - Allocation Differences: Highlight allocation differences - Strategy Performance: Display strategy performance metrics

Transfer Management Panel: - Transfer Plans: Show generated transfer plans - Transfer Execution: Execute and monitor transfers - Transfer History: View transfer execution history - Transfer Status: Real-time transfer status monitoring

Strategy Configuration Panel: - Strategy Selection: Choose allocation strategies - Strategy Parameters: Configure strategy parameters - Performance Analysis: Analyze strategy performance - Risk Metrics: Display risk-based metrics

15.6.2 Interactive Features

Visualization Tools: - Allocation Charts: Visual allocation breakdown - Performance Charts: Strategy performance visualization - Transfer Flow Charts: Transfer execution flow - Risk Heatmaps: Risk concentration visualization

Analysis Tools: - Allocation Analysis: Detailed allocation analysis - Performance Attribution: Performance attribution analysis - Risk Analysis: Comprehensive risk analysis - Scenario Analysis: What-if scenario analysis

15.7 Performance Characteristics

15.7.1 Fund Allocation Performance Metrics

Metric Target Measurement
Plan Generation <5 seconds Allocation plan generation time
Transfer Execution <30 seconds Transfer execution time
Real-time Updates <1 second Real-time status update frequency
Strategy Calculation <2 seconds Strategy calculation time

15.7.2 Risk Management Quality

Requirement Implementation
Transfer Limits Configurable transfer amount limits
Validation Rules Comprehensive transfer validation
Risk Monitoring Real-time risk monitoring
Audit Trail Complete transfer audit trail

15.8 Integration with Existing System

15.8.1 Portfolio Service Integration

Enhanced Integration:

Fund Allocation → Portfolio Service → Asset Updates → Performance Tracking

Real-time Updates: - Asset Monitoring: Real-time asset monitoring - Performance Tracking: Strategy performance tracking - Transfer Execution: Automated transfer execution - Portfolio Updates: Real-time portfolio updates

15.8.2 Risk Management Integration

Risk Control Integration: - Transfer Limits: Transfer amount limits and controls - Risk Validation: Risk-based transfer validation - Exposure Monitoring: Real-time exposure monitoring - Alert Integration: Risk alert integration

15.9 Implementation Roadmap

15.9.1 Phase 1: Foundation (Weeks 1-2)

  • Basic Allocation: Basic allocation strategy implementation
  • Transfer Execution: Basic transfer execution
  • Simple Frontend: Basic allocation interface
  • API Integration: Basic API integration

15.9.2 Phase 2: Advanced Strategies (Weeks 3-4)

  • Performance Strategy: Performance-based allocation
  • Risk Strategy: Risk-based allocation strategies
  • Advanced Validation: Advanced transfer validation
  • Real-time Monitoring: Real-time allocation monitoring

15.9.3 Phase 3: Automation (Weeks 5-6)

  • Automated Rebalancing: Automated portfolio rebalancing
  • Scheduled Execution: Scheduled allocation execution
  • Advanced Analytics: Advanced allocation analytics
  • Risk Integration: Comprehensive risk integration

15.9.4 Phase 4: Production Ready (Weeks 7-8)

  • High Availability: Redundant allocation infrastructure
  • Performance Optimization: High-performance allocation
  • Advanced Reporting: Comprehensive allocation reporting
  • Enterprise Features: Institutional-grade allocation management

15.10 Business Value

15.10.1 Dynamic Fund Management

Benefit Impact
Automated Allocation Automated fund allocation and rebalancing
Performance Optimization Performance-based fund allocation
Risk Management Risk-based allocation strategies
Operational Efficiency Reduced manual allocation effort

15.10.2 Operational Excellence

Advantage Business Value
Dynamic Management Dynamic fund allocation management
Performance Tracking Real-time performance tracking
Risk Control Comprehensive risk control
Professional Grade Institutional-grade fund management

Document Information
Type: Dynamic Fund Allocation System Design | Audience: Technical Leadership & Engineering Teams
Version: 1.0 | Date: December 2024
Focus: Multi-Account Fund Allocation | Implementation: Detailed technical specifications for dynamic fund allocation and capital management